The Challenge of Education and Learning in the Developing World
Gowher Hassan
M.A, B.Ed, M.Ed. (University of Kashmir)
In the context of the developing world, this study addresses the critical issue of education and learning challenges. The problem under examination pertains to the complex interplay of factors affecting school participation and learning outcomes. Specifically, the study focuses on the sensitivity of school attendance to financial considerations, the efficacy of interventions aimed at increasing enrollment, and the persistently low and unresponsive test scores among enrolled students. The scope of this research encompasses various contexts and interventions, ranging from reducing out-of-pocket costs and providing scholarships to incorporating conditional cash transfers. Additionally, the study delves into efforts to enhance child health and furnish information regarding the benefits of education on income growth. The effectiveness of different strategies, such as pedagogical reforms tailored to students' learning levels and accountability-improving measures, is examined comprehensively. Technological advancements and their potential to revolutionize pedagogy and accountability are also explored within the context of education in the developing world. The study acknowledges that the challenges extend beyond the classroom, and consequently, emphasizes the need to enhance both pre-primary and primary education systems. By analyzing these multifaceted challenges and potential solutions, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the education and learning landscape in the developing world, providing insights that can inform policy decisions and interventions aimed at improving educational outcomes.
1. Almaiah, M. A., Al-Khasawneh, A., & Althunibat, A. (2020). Exploring the critical challenges and factors influencing the E-learning system usage during COVID-19 pandemic. Education and information technologies, 25, 5261-5280.2. Amin, S., & Chaudhury, N. (2008). An introduction to methodologies for measuring service delivery in education. Are you being served? New tools for measuring service delivery, 67-110.3. Amin, S., & Chaudhury, N. (2008). An introduction to methodologies for measuring service delivery in education. Are you being served? New tools for measuring service delivery, 67-110.4. Aroyo, L., & Dicheva, D. (2004). The new challenges for e-learning: The educational semantic web. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 7(4), 59-69.5. Callaway, D. (2021). The Impact of Personalized Learning on Achievement in an Elementary School Mathematics Classroom. Wilkes University.6. Callaway, D. (2021). The Impact of Personalized Learning on Achievement in an Elementary School Mathematics Classroom. Wilkes University.7. Chaipidech, P., Srisawasdi, N., Kajornmanee, T., & Chaipah, K. (2022). A personalized learning system-supported professional training model for teachers' TPACK development. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100064.8. Gitau, S., Marsden, G., & Donner, J. (2010, April). After access: challenges facing mobile-only internet users in the developing world. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 2603-2606).9. Kamal, S. A., Shafiq, M., & Kakria, P. (2020). Investigating acceptance of telemedicine services through an extended technology acceptance model (TAM). Technology in Society, 60, 101212.10. Kremer, M., Brannen, C., & Glennerster, R. (2013). The challenge of education and learning in the developing world. Science, 340(6130), 297-300.11. Kremer, M., Brannen, C., & Glennerster, R. (2013). The challenge of education and learning in the developing world. Science, 340(6130), 297-300.12. Levin, H. M. (1974). A conceptual framework for accountability in education. The School Review, 82(3), 363-391.13. Luna Scott, C. (2015). The Futures of Learning 3: What kind of pedagogies for the 21st century?.14. Luna Scott, C. (2015). The Futures of Learning 3: What kind of pedagogies for the 21st century?15. Mbiti, I. M. (2016). The need for accountability in education in developing countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(3), 109-132.16. National Research Council. (2011). Incentives and test-based accountability in education.17. Peng, H., Ma, S., & Spector, J. M. (2019). Personalized adaptive learning: an emerging pedagogical approach enabled by a smart learning environment. Smart Learning Environments, 6(1), 1-14.18. Raghupathi, V., & Raghupathi, W. (2017). Innovation at country-level: association between economic development and patents. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 6(1), 1-20.19. Rana, H., & Lal, M. (2014). E-learning: Issues and challenges. International Journal of Computer Applications, 97(5).20. Sahlberg, P. (2010). Rethinking accountability in a knowledge society. Journal of educational change, 11(1), 45-61.