The Architecture of Indian Federalism: Central Authority, State Resistance and Democratic Accountability
M. Jeyabrabha
Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Periyar Arts College, Cuddalore,, Affiliated with Annamalai University
In this study attempt has been made to examines the distinctive model of Indian federalism, highlighting its deviation from classical federal structures such as those in the United States. It explores how the Indian Constitution constructs a “quasi-federal” system that prioritizes central authority over state autonomy, driven by historical, political, and administrative considerations. The study analyzes constitutional provisions—including Articles 3, 356, and 280—and their role in shaping legislative, administrative, and financial relations between the Union and the states. It discusses the dual dimensions of federalism: constitutional federalism rooted in legal provisions, and political federalism shaped by electoral dynamics and intergovernmental institutions such as the Inter-State Council and the GST Council. Special focus is given to fiscal centralization, the misuse of emergency provisions, and rising regional assertions. The article argues that while cooperative mechanisms exist, true federal balance depends on political maturity, respect for regional identities, and institutional accountability. The study offers a nuanced understanding of federal dynamics within India’s complex democratic framework.
Keywords: Quasi-federalism, Indian Constitution, Article 356, fiscal centralization, political federalism, regionalism, GST Council..
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