A Historical Perspective on Civil Services and Legal Protection to Civil Servants – An Analysis
K.Shyamaladevi
Advocate, District Court, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620001
Civil services have been a fundamental part of governance for centuries, evolving from early bureaucratic systems to modern administrative frameworks. The term "civil servant" was first used in 1854 when Sir Charles Trevelyan borrowed it from the British administration in India and applied it to English conditions. It originally referred to a professional body of officials employed by the state in non-military and non-judicial services. Generally, the term "civil servant" is also referred to as "government servant," which is defined under Section 2(h) of the Central Civil Services (Classification, Control, and Appeal) Rules, 1965. Civil servants are appointed by the government to various posts, where they discharge specific duties and responsibilities related to different departments under the Union of India as well as state governments. This research article aims to analyze the historical development of civil services, examine the role of civil servants in governance, and explore the legal protections available to them in different legal systems. Additionally, it seeks to provide recommendations for reforms in civil services based on secondary sources. By studying existing literature and legal frameworks, this paper highlights the significance of civil services in maintaining an efficient and impartial administrative system while suggesting improvements to enhance their effectiveness.
Aylmer, G. E. (2019). 5. WHO THE KINGâS SERVANTS WERE: A CHAPTER OF SOCIAL HISTORY. The KingâS Servants, 253â336. https://doi.org/10.7312/AYLM93684-008Extracts from Central Civil Services Conduct Rules with Decisions of Government of India on Important Provisions of the Rules. (1990). Indian Journal of Public Administration, 36(3), 668â685. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019556119900335Fearon, K. C. H., Von Meyenfeldt, M. F., Moses, A. G. W., Van Geenen, R., Roy, A., Gouma, D. J., Giacosa, A., Van Gossum, A., Bauer, J., Barber, M. D., Aaronson, N. K., Voss, A. C., & Tisdale, M. J. (2003). Effect of a protein and energy dense n-3 fatty acid enriched oral supplement on loss of weight and lean tissue in cancer cachexia: a randomised double blind trial. Gut, 52(10), 1479. https://doi.org/10.1136/GUT.52.10.1479Federal Courts. Rules of Civil Procedure. Secretary of Air Force Subject to Discovery in Suit under Federal Tort Claims Act. (1952). Harvard Law Review, 65(8), 1445. https://doi.org/10.2307/1336664Ghulam Haider, Dr. A. (2024). Civil Servants (Efficiency and Discipline) Rulesâ¯: Executive Accountability under the Civil Servant Act, 1973, in Pakistan. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4814675Jamshed, U. (2021). Cultural Implications of China Pakistan Economic Corridor. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 2(IV), 1â11. https://doi.org/10.47205/JDSS.2021(2-IV)01nà Fhlathúin, M. (2020). From The Life and Adventures of Shigram-Po, Cadet in the Service of the Honâble East India Company on the Bengal Establishment, from the First Dawning of his Military Mania to his Retirement on the Half Pay of Lieutenant, after Sixteen Years Service in the Hygeian Climate of India, by the Author of âOccasional Poems,â &c. (Calcutta: Government Gazette Press, 1821). The Poetry of British India, 1780â1905, 199â200. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429348525-48OâBrien, W. J., Sankaran, B., Leite, F. L., Khwaja, N., Palma, I. D. S., Goodrum, P., Molenaar, K., Nevett, G., & Johnson, J. (2016). Civil Integrated Management (CIM) for Departments of Transportation, Volume 1: Guidebook. Civil Integrated Management (CIM) for Departments of Transportation, Volume 1: Guidebook. https://doi.org/10.17226/23697Razzaqov, B. (2022). The role of linguistic schools in language teaching. Zamonaviy Lingvistik Tadqiqotlar: Xorijiy Tajribalar, Istiqbolli Izlanishlar va Tillarni oâqitishning Innovatsion Usullari, 1, 271â274. https://doi.org/10.47689/linguistic-research-vol-iss1-pp271-274Shri Ved Prakash, B., Verma, J., Singh, N., & Bharucha, S. (1993). A RAM CHAND AND ORS. v. UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. LlA, 4(1).The Framing Of Indiaâs Constitution A Studyâ¯: B. Shiva Raoâ¯: Free Download, Borrow, and Streamingâ¯: Internet Archive. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2025, from https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275967Ward, P. A. (2024). 3. Rainier, the East India Company, and the Kingâs Civil Servants in India. British Naval Power in the East, 1794-1805, 61â84. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781782041283-006
